russian.tools Acknowledgements

Sources, references, and credits for the data and resources used by russian.tools.

OpenRussian

The verb conjugator, noun and adjective decliner, and case game use data from OpenRussian and its contributors. The adapted dictionaries are distributed under CC BY-SA 4.0.

Data has been selected and reformatted for these tools, with normalized stress marks and some corrections. Source and modification notes: verbs, adjectives. Original dictionary data.

Verb prefixes

Selected meanings and aspect pairs were checked against the dictionaries hosted by Gramota.ru. Meanings, explanations, and examples were written for this tool. The selection does not cover every derivative or sense.

Russian names

The name diminutive finder’s selection uses N. A. Petrovsky’s Dictionary of Russian Personal Names as a reference. The selection includes short and affectionate forms and is not a complete reproduction of the dictionary. Dictionary guide — Gramota.ru.

Abbreviations

The directory is manually curated. References for spelling and selected expansions include Gramota.ru, the Federal Tax Service, the Social Fund and the Bank of Russia. This is not an exhaustive dictionary; English glosses were written for this tool.

Curse words

The 1,000-entry catalog includes 101 entries with original bilingual notes and examples, and 899 entries with English definitions by contributors to English Wiktionary, extracted via Kaikki / Wiktextract. The adapted dictionary data is available under CC BY-SA 4.0. Dictionary senses are selected and combined, with reading aids and approximate categories added. Entry references appear below; each dictionary article’s history identifies its contributors. Definitions remain in English; source quotations and examples are not imported. Intensity depends on context.

References by word (976)

Transliteration

Cyrillic-to-Latin letter mappings follow ICAO Doc 9303, Part 3, section 6B (PDF). Russian consular guidance identifies ICAO as the passport transliteration standard.

Stress marking

The stress marker and stress practice tools use @roj/rustress and ONNX Runtime Web.

Typeface

Golos Text is used under the SIL Open Font License.